Namuhla, ngokuthuthuka okusheshayo kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwezinga lezokwelapha, kuhambisana nokwethulwa kwemishini yezokwelapha esezingeni eliphezulu ehlukahlukene, ekhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-harmonics kulezi zikhungo zezokwelapha, okuletha ukulimala okukhulu. ekuphepheni kukagesi kanye nomsebenzi ojwayelekile wemishini yezokwelapha.Idivayisi yokuhlunga esebenzayo isiyidivayisi eyinhloko yokuxazulula le nkinga.
1.1 Impahla yezokwelapha
Kunenani elikhulu lezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi zamandla emishini yezokwelapha, futhi lawa madivaysi azokhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-harmonics ngesikhathi somsebenzi, okubangela ukungcola.Imishini evame kakhulu i-MRI (ithuluzi le-nuclear magnetic resonance), umshini we-CT, umshini we-X-ray, i-DSA (umshini wokuqhathanisa wenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi) njalonjalo.Phakathi kwazo, i-RF pulse kanye nenkundla kazibuthe eshintshanayo kukhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokusebenza kwe-MRI ukuze kukhiqizwe i-nuclear magnetic resonance, futhi kokubili ukushaya kwe-RF kanye nenkundla kazibuthe eshintshanayo kuzoletha ukungcoliswa kwe-harmonic.Ibhuloho elilungisa kabusha le-high-voltage rectifier emshinini we-X-ray lizokhiqiza ama-harmonics amakhulu lapho lisebenza, futhi umshini we-X-ray ungumthwalo wesikhashana, i-voltage ingafinyelela amashumi ezinkulungwane zama-volts, kanti uhlangothi lokuqala i-transformer izokwandisa umthwalo osheshayo we-60 kuya ku-70kw, okuzophinde kwandise igagasi le-harmonic legridi.
1.2 Izisetshenziswa zikagesi
Imishini yokungenisa umoya ezibhedlela njengama-air conditioners, abalandeli, njll., kanye nemishini yokukhanyisa njengezibani ze-fluorescent izokhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-harmonics.Ukuze zonge amandla, izibhedlela eziningi zisebenzisa amafeni okuguqula imvamisa nama-air conditioner.I-Frequency converter ingumthombo obaluleke kakhulu we-harmonic, isilinganiso sawo sokuhlanekezela samanje se-harmonic i-THD-i ifinyelela ngaphezu kwama-33%, izokhiqiza inombolo enkulu yegridi yamandla okungcoliswa kwe-harmonic yamanje engu-5, 7.Emishini yokukhanyisa ngaphakathi esibhedlela, kunenqwaba yezibani ze-fluorescent, ezizophinde zikhiqize inani elikhulu lama-harmonic currents.Uma izibani eziningi ze-fluorescent zixhunywe emgqeni wezintambo ezine ezinezigaba ezintathu, umugqa ophakathi uzogeleza umthamo omkhulu wesithathu we-harmonic.
1.3 Izisetshenziswa zokuxhumana
Njengamanje, izibhedlela ziwukuphathwa kwenethiwekhi yekhompiyutha, okusho ukuthi inani lamakhompiyutha, ukubhekwa kwevidiyo kanye nemishini yomsindo kuningi, futhi lena yimithombo ejwayelekile ye-harmonic.Ngaphezu kwalokho, iseva egcina idatha ohlelweni lokuphatha inethiwekhi yekhompiyutha kufanele ifakwe amandla okulondoloza njenge-UPS.I-UPS iqala ngokulungisa amandla ama-mains abe awamanje aqondile, ingxenye yawo egcinwa kubhethri, futhi enye ingxenye iguqulelwa amandla alawulwayo e-AC ngesiguquli ukuze sinikeze amandla kumthwalo.Lapho i-mains terminal inikezwa, ibhethri linikeza amandla ku-inverter ukuze iqhubeke nokusebenza futhi iqinisekise ukusebenza okuvamile komthwalo.Futhi siyazi ukuthi i-rectifier kanye ne-inverter izosebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-IGBT ne-PWM, ngakho-ke i-UPS izokhiqiza okuningi kwe-3, 5, 7 ye-harmonic yamanje emsebenzini.
2. Ukulimala kwama-harmonics emishini yezokwelapha
Kusukela encazelweni engenhla, singathola ukuthi kunemithombo eminingi ye-harmonic ohlelweni lokusatshalaliswa kwesibhedlela, oluzokhiqiza inani elikhulu lama-harmonics (ene-harmonics engu-3, 5, 7 njengawo wonke) futhi ingcolise kakhulu igridi yamandla, okubangela izinkinga zekhwalithi yamandla njengokweqisa kwe-harmonic kanye nokugcwala ngokweqile kwe-harmonic okungathathi hlangothi.Lezi zinkinga zingathinta ukusetshenziswa kwemishini yezokwelapha.
2.1 Ukulimala kwe-harmonics kumishini yokutholwa kwezithombe
Ngenxa yomthelela wama-harmonics, abasebenzi bezokwelapha bavame ukubhekana nokwehluleka kwemishini.Lawa maphutha angabangela amaphutha edatha, izithombe ezifiphele, ukulahleka kolwazi nezinye izinkinga, noma kulimaze izingxenye zebhodi lesifunda, okuholela ekutheni imishini yezokwelapha ingakwazi ukuqhubeka nokusebenza ngokujwayelekile.Ikakhulukazi, lapho ezinye izinto zokusebenza zezithombe zithintwa ama-harmonics, izakhi ze-elekthronikhi zangaphakathi zingarekhoda ukuguquguquka futhi ziguqule okukhiphayo, okuzoholela ekuwohlokeni okweqile noma ukungaqondakali kwesithombe se-waveform, okulula ukubangela ukungazi kahle.
2.2 Ukulimala kwe-harmonics ekwelapheni nasezinsimbini zobuhlengikazi
Kunezinsimbi eziningi ze-elekthronikhi ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni, futhi ithuluzi lokuhlinza liwonakele kakhulu ngama-harmonics.Ukwelashwa ngokuhlinzwa kubhekisela ekwelashweni kwelaser, i-high-frequency electromagnetic wave, radiation, microwave, ultrasound, njll. iyodwa noma ngokuhambisana nokuhlinzwa kwendabuko.Imishini ehlobene ingaphansi kokuphazanyiswa kwe-harmonic, isignali yokuphuma izoqukatha imfuhlumfuhlu noma ikhulise ngokuqondile isignali ye-harmonic, okubangela ukugqugquzelwa okunamandla kagesi ezigulini, futhi kunezingozi ezinkulu zokuphepha lapho kwelapha izingxenye ezithile ezibalulekile.Izinsimbi zabahlengikazi njengama-ventilators, ama-pacemakers, ama-ECG monitors, njll., ahlobene eduze nempilo yabanakekeli, futhi isignali yamanye amathuluzi ibuthakathaka kakhulu, okungase kuholele ekuqoqweni kolwazi olungalungile noma ngisho nokwehluleka ukusebenza lapho kuhambisana ne-harmonic. ukuphazamiseka, okubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu ezigulini nasezibhedlela.
3. Izinyathelo zokulawula i-Harmonic
Ngokwezimbangela zama-harmonics, izindlela zokwelapha zingahlukaniswa cishe zibe yizinhlobo ezintathu ezilandelayo: ukunciphisa i-impedance yesistimu, ukukhawulela umthombo we-harmonic, nokufaka idivayisi yokuhlunga.
3.1 Yehlisa i-impedance yesistimu
Ukufeza inhloso yokunciphisa ukuvinjelwa kwesistimu, kuyadingeka ukunciphisa ibanga likagesi phakathi kwemishini kagesi engaqondile kanye nokunikezwa kwamandla, ngamanye amazwi, ukuthuthukisa izinga likagesi lokunikezela.Isibonelo, okokusebenza okuyinhloko kwesigayo sensimbi isithando somlilo se-arc sikagesi, ekuqaleni esasisebenzisa amandla kagesi angu-35KV, futhi ngokulandelana sacushwa ulayini okhethekile we-35KV yiziteshi ezincane ezimbili ze-110KV, futhi ingxenye ye-harmonic yayiphezulu kubha yebhasi engu-35KV.Ngemuva kokusetshenziswa kwebanga elingamakhilomitha angu-4 kuphela i-220KV substation yamisa ugesi okhethekile we-5 35KV, i-harmonics ebhasini ithuthuke kakhulu, ngaphezu kwalokho isitshalo siphinde sasebenzisa i-generator yomthamo omkhulu we-synchronous, ukuze ibanga likagesi lalezi ezingekho emgqeni. imithwalo iyancipha kakhulu, ukuze isitshalo sikhiqize ukuncishiswa kwe-harmonic.Le ndlela inokutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kakhulu, idinga ukuhlanganiswa nokuhlelwa kokuthuthukiswa kwegridi yamandla, futhi ifanele amaphrojekthi amakhulu ezimboni, futhi izibhedlela zidinga ukunikezwa kwamandla okuqhubekayo okungaphazamiseki, ngokuvamile okunikwa amandla iziteshi ezimbili noma ngaphezulu, ngakho le ndlela ayiwona okubalulekile.
3.2 Ukunciphisa imithombo ye-harmonic
Le ndlela idinga ukushintsha ukucushwa kwemithombo ye-harmonic, ikhawulele imodi yokusebenza yokukhiqiza ama-harmonic ngamanani amakhulu, futhi igxile ekusebenziseni amadivayisi anokuhambisana okuvumelanayo ukuze akhansele amanye.Imvamisa yezimpawu ze-harmonics zanda ngokukhulisa inombolo yesigaba sokuguqula, futhi inani elisebenzayo le-harmonic current liyancipha kakhulu.Le ndlela idinga ukuhlela kabusha isifunda semishini futhi iqondise ukusetshenziswa kwezinsimbi, ezinemikhawulo ephezulu.Isibhedlela singalungisa kancane ngokuya ngesimo saso, esinganciphisa inani lama-harmonics ngokwezinga elithile.
3.3 Ukufaka Idivayisi Yesihlungi
Njengamanje, kunamadivayisi amabili esihlungi se-AC asetshenziswa kakhulu: i-passive filter device kanyeidivayisi yokuhlunga esebenzayo (APF).Idivayisi yokuhlunga, eyaziwa nangokuthi idivayisi yokuhlunga ye-LC, isebenzisa isimiso se-LC resonance ukuze idale ngokuzenzakalelayo igatsha le-resonance ukuze linikeze isiteshi esiphansi kakhulu se-impedance ukuze kuhlungwe inombolo ethile ye-harmonics, ukuze ingajovwa. kugridi yamandla.Idivayisi yokuhlunga i-passive inesakhiwo esilula kanye nomphumela osobala wokumuncwa kwe-harmonic, kepha ikhawulelwe kuma-harmonics wemvamisa yemvelo, futhi izici zesinxephezelo zinethonya elikhulu ku-impedance yegridi (ngemvamisa ethile, i-impedance yegridi kanye ne-LC idivayisi yokuhlunga ingaba ne-resonance ehambisanayo noma i-resonance yochungechunge).Idivayisi yesihlungi esisebenzayo (i-APF) iwuhlobo olusha lwensiza yamandla kagesi, esetshenziselwa ukucindezela ngokuguquguqukayo ama-harmonics kanye nokunxephezela amandla asebenzayo.Ingakwazi ukuqoqa futhi ihlaziye isignali yamanje yomthwalo ngesikhathi sangempela, ihlukanise amandla ngamunye we-harmonic namandla asebenzayo, futhi ilawule okukhiphayo kwesiguquli nge-harmonic kanye ne-reactive current amplitude elinganayo futhi ihlehlise isinxephezelo samanje ngokusebenzisa isilawuli ukuze sisuse i-harmonic current emthwalweni, ukuze kuzuzwe inhloso yokulawula i-harmonic.Isihlungi esisebenzayoidivayisi inezinzuzo zokulandelela ngesikhathi sangempela, ukusabela okusheshayo, isinxephezelo esiphelele (amandla asebenzayo kanye nama-harmonics angu-2~31 anganxeshezelwa ngesikhathi esifanayo).
4 Ukusetshenziswa okuqondile kwedivayisi yokuhlunga esebenzayo ye-APF ezikhungweni zezokwelapha
Ngokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kwamazinga okuphila abantu kanye nokusheshisa ukuguga kwabantu, isidingo sezinsizakalo zezokwelapha sikhula kancane kancane, futhi imboni yezinsizakalo zezokwelapha isizongena esikhathini sokukhula okusheshayo, kanye nommeleli obaluleke kakhulu nobaluleke kakhulu wemboni yezokwelapha. yisibhedlela.Ngenxa yokubaluleka okukhethekile komphakathi nokubaluleka kwesibhedlela, isixazululo senkinga yekhwalithi yaso siyaphuthuma.
4.1 Ukukhetha kwe-APF
Izinzuzo zokulawula i-harmonic, okokuqala, ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha komuntu siqu kweziguli nabasebenzi bezokwelapha, okungukuthi, ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda umthelela omubi wokulawulwa kwe-harmonic ohlelweni lokusabalalisa, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwama-transformers nezinsimbi zezokwelapha. ;Okwesibili, ikhombisa ngokuqondile izinzuzo zezomnotho, okungukuthi, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuvamile kwesistimu yesinxephezelo se-low-voltage capacitance, ukudlala indima yayo efanele, ukunciphisa okuqukethwe kwe-harmonic kugridi yamandla, nokuthuthukisa isici samandla, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwamandla asebenzayo. , futhi andise impilo yesevisi yezisetshenziswa.
Ukulimala kwama-harmonics embonini yezokwelapha kukhulu kakhulu, inani elikhulu lama-harmonics lizothinta ukusebenza nokusetshenziswa kwamathuluzi anembile, futhi lingafaka engozini ukuphepha komuntu siqu ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu;Kuzophinde kwandise ukulahlekelwa kwamandla komugqa kanye nokushisa komqhubi, ukunciphisa ukusebenza kahle nokuphila kwemishini, ngakho-ke ukubaluleka kokulawula i-harmonic kuyabonakala.Ngokufakwa kweisihlungi esisebenzayoidivayisi, inhloso yokulawula i-harmonic ingafinyelelwa kahle, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwabantu nemishini.Esikhathini esifushane, ukulawulwa kwe-harmonics kudinga inani elithile lokutshalwa kwezimali kwezimali ekuqaleni kwesigaba sokuqala;Nokho, ngokombono wentuthuko yesikhathi eside, i-APFidivayisi yokuhlunga esebenzayokulula ukuyigcina esikhathini esizayo, futhi ingasetshenziswa ngesikhathi sangempela, futhi izinzuzo zezomnotho ezilethwa yilo ukulawula ama-harmonics kanye nezinzuzo zezenhlalakahle zokuhlanza igridi yamandla nazo ziyabonakala.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jun-30-2023